Urbanization is a reality of our changing world. Water, like air, is a vital resource without substitute. Its supply, allocation, and disposal present numerous challenges, all of which must be met to support the growing metropolitan regions.  The provision of potable water and sanitation in urban areas are especially significant challenges for developing countries.  Surface water and groundwater resources are increasing over-exploited.  Lack of wastewater treatment and insufficient control over other waste disposal also place water systems at risk of microbiological and chemical contamination.  Attempts to control flooding and provide water and wastewater services have involved large engineering projects across the globe. Some governments have also initiated major reforms in water resource allocation and water services provision. 

 
The prevailing attitude however is that water is a human right. Traditionally therefore water supply and drainage services have been strongly subsidized by governments. The results have been severe financial deficits and wastage of the resource through leakage and inefficiency of use. In recent years, rapid urban growth and insufficient finances have further restricted governments’ capacity to satisfy demands, extend distribution systems to areas with poor service, and provide adequate wastewater treatment prior to disposal or reuse.

 
Overcoming these challenges necessitates developing innovative ways for service provision, financing and regulatory structures and a focus on integrated water resources management.  A new book from the World Bank, Cities in a Globalizing World –Governance, Performance and Sustainability, explores the latest trends in city development in the era of globalization and highlights what local governments can do to attract investments and overcome economic challenges in their cities, including the water sector.  Options include improved governance, technology, and citizen empowerment.  The book also focuses on African cities since Africa has experienced the most rapid urbanization the world has ever seen.

Collaborated on this highlight were Shelley McMillan and Noha Gaber, Guides, dgWater.